Improved arithmometer for adding



O. L. CASTLE.

. ARITHMOMBTER.

No. 18,675. Patented Nov'. 24, .1857.

UNITED STATES PATENT GEEICE.

O. L. CASTL I, OF UPPER ALTON, ILLINOIS.

IMPROVED ARITHMOMETER FOR ADDING.

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. l 8.675, dated November 211. lS'T.

To all whom, 25 may concern:

Be it known that I, O. L. CASTLE, of Upper Alton, in the county of Madison and State ot' Illinois, have invented a new and useful Machine for the Addition of Numbers, which I dcnomina-te an Arithmometerg and I do hereby declare that the followingis a full, clear, and exact description of the saine, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, form` ing part of this speciiication, in which- Figure l is a plan of the machine. Fig. 2 is a vertical section of the same in the line n@ x of Fig. l. Fig. 3 is a vertical section of the saine in the line if f of Fig. l. Fig. et is a Vertical section of part of the machine in the line .e .e of Fig. 3, as seen looking in the direction of the arrow shown near that line. Fig. 5 is a detail view.

Similar letters of reference indicate correspondin g parts in the several figures.

A is the framing of the machine.

D is a spur-wheel, which I call the driving-wheel, secured to along horizontal shaft B, which is fitted t0 bearings in the framing A, in which bearings the said shaftis capable of a limited longitudinal sliding movement.

i This shaft Bis geared by a train of wheel-work ct I) c d with a shaft C, to which a clock-spring E is applied in such a manner as to give motion to the driving-wheel D in the direction of the arrow shown upon it in Fig. 2,and the driving-wheel D is geared bya pinion f, shaft g, wheel It, and pinion fz; with a flier j, which serves to regulate its motion. The drivingwheel D serves to give motion to a train of registering-wheels, which are secured in a frame F, that is capable of swinging and also sliding longitudinally on a stationary horizontal arbor G,'that is arranged near the bot.- tom of the machine parallel with the shaft B.

L k2 7a3 71:4 7e are the registering-wheels, of which there are six represented-but a greater or less number may be used-said wheels being arranged side by Side to turn freely and independently of each other upon a :fixed shaft p, secured in the register-frame F, and having their peripheries divided circumferentially into ten equal spaces marked with numerals fromV4 O to 9.

H is a plate secured to the register-frame F, to stand above the registering-wheels, and containing six openings through which one of the numbers of each of the registering-wheels is visible. Every one of the registeringwheels with the exception of it has a spurwheel Z attached firmly to it to gear with one of a series of five wheels nl "nl, of similarsize, which I term secondary drivingwheelS,7 which are arranged to turn freely independentlyof cach otheron a fixed shaft q,which isso arranged that by sliding the register-frame alongthe arbor G either of the said wheels m fm may be brought into gear with the drivingwheel D. Each of the registcring-whecls, except t", has secured to it another spur-wheel n of ten teeth, and each of the secondary driving-wheels yn1 has attached to one side of it a wheel 0, with a single tooth r, intended to gear with one of the spur-wheels v1. The teeth fr are fitted loosely to the wheels o, each tooth being at the extremity of a tongue s, which is fitted to the sha-ft q within its respective wheel 0 in such a manner as to be capable of swinging to the extent of nearly a quarter of a revolution within a slot t, provided in the wheel to receive it, as shown in Fig. 5, which is a section perpendicular to the axis of one of the wheels o. The tongue comes to a rigid condition against either end of the slotl t. The wheels o o have frictionsprings 19 applied to prevent them and the wheels m m slipping back or moving independently of the driving-wheel D when notgeared directly with the latter.

I is a shaft workingin fixed hearings in the back part of the stationary framing Aof the machine and provided at one end with a small crank J. This shaft I carries a cam L, by whose action on the register-frame F, when the crank is thrown over in a forward direction, as indicated by an arrow 5 shown in Figs I and 2, the register-frame is thrown forward so as to bring either one of the secondary driving-wheels m nz that may at any time be opposite the driving-wheel D into gear with the said dri\f'ingwheel. Then the crank is thrown over in the opposite direction, the register-frame F falls back against the back, against a rest u at the back of the frame A, which draws the secondary drivingwheel out of gear with the driving-wheel D.

The register-frame F has a long horizontal bar K attached to it standing parallel with the shaft I and driving-wheel shaft B, and containing notches 'v 1., (see Figs. 2 and 3,) corresponding in number with the secondary 2' races distance apart as and in such relation to the said wheels that by sliding the register-'frame F along the arbor G to bring the propernotch o into a position to receive the crank J when it is thrown forward either of the secondary drivin g-wheels may be brought into gear with the wheel D. Y

tu is a pin secured in a stationary bracket M, attached to the framing, the said pin being arranged to serve as a stop to hold the driving-wheel D stationary at all times, cX- cept while the machine is in active operation, by entering one of a series of holes c e in the said wheel, which are arranged equidistantly in a circle concentric to the axis of the said wheel.

N is a horizontal sliding rod, arranged in line with the shaft B of the driving-wheel in suitable guides in the framing A.

y is a spring attached to one side of the framing, as shown in Fig. 3, and pressing against the outer end of the rod N, to force it against the end of the shaft B of the drivingwheel, and having the effect of forcing the driving-wheel toward the stop-pin w, so that the said pin when opposite one of the holes c e in the driving-wheel may be retained therein to stop the wheel.

O is a horizontal sliding rod arranged in guides in the framing below and parallel with the shaft B, and connected at one end, as shown in Fig. 3, by an uprightarm P with the sliding rod N. To the opposite end of this sliding rod O there is secured an arm Q, which stands up against the end of the shaft B.

R is a spring pressing against the outer end of the rod O, and forcing the arm Q against the outer end of the shaft D, and thereby eX erting a pressure upon the said shaft in opposition to the spring y, and also, through the agency of the arm l), pushing the rod N, in opposition to the spring y. This spring Ris, however, of less strength than the spring ly, and therefore cannot operate upon the shaft B to push the driving-wheel D off the stoppin w till the said shaft is relieved of the pressure of the spring y.

S S2 S3 S4 S5 S ST SS S9 are a series of upright keys sliding vertically in guides in the framing A, and numbered from 1 to 9. These keys are for the purpose of relieving the shaft B of the pressure of the spring y, and allowing the driving-wheel D to be freed from the stop-pin w by the action of the spring R, so that the said wheel may be set in motion by the spring E, to give motion to the registering-wheels. The keys also operate a stop mechanism by which the driving-wheel is stopped when it has moved far enough to Cause the registration of the number marked upon the key that has been pressed down. The keys relieve the rod N and shaft B of the pressure of the spring y through the following means: Each key has rigidly attached to it a finger 9, which by the depression of the key is caused to bear upon and depress a horizontal bar 10, which is attached by two arms 1l to a horizontal rock-shaft l2, and as this bar 1U is depressed it is caused to bear upon and depress one extremity of an' elbow-lever 13, (see Fig. 3,) which works upon a fulcrum 14, and thus to throw out the other end of the said lever (which is situated between the end of the sliding rod N and the spring y) in such a manner as to force. away the said spring, which leaves the shaft B under the influence of the spring R, acting on the sliding bar O, and arm Q.

The stop mechanism is of the following construction: T T2 T3 T* T5 T6 T7 T8 T9 are a series of horizontal rods, which I call stoprods, nine in numberviz.,one for each key attached to larms U U, which are iitted to slide on two stationary horizontal bars V V, five arms on one shaft and four on the other. Two bars Vl V are employed to obviate the necessity of making the stop-rods T T2, dro., of great length; otherwise all the arms U U might slide on one bar. The stop-rods T T2, the., and bars V V are all parallel with the shaft B and rod N, and the stop-rods T T2, dsc., are so arranged that their centers would all be struck by an arc described from a continuation of the axis of the driving-wheel D, as will be understood by reference to Fig. 3. The bars V V are furnished with collars 6 6, which serve as bearings for spiral springs 7 7, which bear against the arms U U for the purpose of pulling back the stop-rods T T, che., within a guide-plate XV near the drivingwheel D. These collars 6 G also serve as bearings for pairs of wedges 8 8, attached to the lower extremities of the keys, either of which pairs of wedges, acting between one of the said collars and one of the arms U, is caused by the depression of its respective key by the fingers of the operator to slide the said arms U along its respective bar V and thus to cause the end of its respective stop-rod to be protruded through the guide lV to act as a stop to what l term the repeaten7 by whose aid the machine after registering one number is returned to a condition for registering another.

X is the repeater, consisting of a lever of the first order fitted to swing very freely ou the shaft B close to the guide-plate XV, through which the stop-rods T T2, &c.,work, and provided at one end with a pin 15, which is capable, when the influence of the spring y is removed from the shaft B and the said shaft with its driving-wheel D is pushed toward the guide-plate lV by the action of the spring R, of entering one of the holes e e in the driving-wheel. The repeater has applied to the opposite end to that which carries the pin 15 a spring 16, which, when the wheel D is locked by the pin w, holds the repeater at rest, as shown in Fig. 1, against a fixed stop 17, attached to the plate lV, in which position of the repeater the pin l5 stands opposite one of the holes e e of the driving-wheel, and so close to the driving-wheel that as soon as the shaft B is left,

under the iniiuence of the spring R the driving-wheel, in moving off the stop-pin fw, engages itself with the repeater-pin 15, and as the driving-wheel moves in the direction of the arrow, shown on it in Fig. 2 the repeater is carried with it until the repeater, striking whichever of the stop-rods T T2, tbc., has been protruded through the plate lV, is stopped and the wheel also. As the stop-rods are at a distance from the stop 17 corresponding with the numbers on their respective keys-viz., that in connection with T being the nearest to it and that in connection with T being the farthest from it-the driving-wheel D always moves a distance from the stop 17 corresponding with the number of the key that is depressed, and the distance of the movement of the driving-wheel is registered accurately by the registering apparatus, and the registering-wheel to which the movement of the drivin g-wheel is iirst communicated registers the number of the key that has been depressed. The driving-wheel remains stopped by the stop-bar till the pressure of the operators iinger is removed from the key, when the key is caused to rise by the action of one of a number of springs 1S, one of which is applied to each key, and the fingers 9, thus being lifted off the bar 10, allow the said bar and the end of the lever 13, on which it rested,to rise, and thus allow the strong spring Y to come into operation, and force the driving-wheel D onc the register-pin 15 and onto the fixed stoppin tu, which is so arranged as to bein readiness to enter one of the holes c e in the driving-wheel as the latter frees itself from the repeater-pin. The instant that the drivingwheel is released from the repeater-pin 15 the repeater is left entirely under the iniiuence of the spring 16, which throws it back suddenly against the fixed stop 17, in readiness for the next operation. The rising of the key also releases the stop-bar instantaneously from the action of the wedges S S and allows it to be moved back within the plate 1V, by the action of its spring 7, and hence the instrument is always ready to repeat the operation the instant the finger is relieved of downward pressure.

Having described the construction of the machine and operation of its several parts, I will proceed to explain the mode of adding numbers by it.

Before commencing, the register should be set free of the driving-wheel D by turning back the crank J, and the register-wheels turned till every wheel presents its O opposite the openings in the plate H, and then the register-frame should be brought forward again, with the secondary driving-wheel m, belonging to the first or unit-register wheel k', in gear with the driving-Wheel D, and

should be secured in this position by bringing the crank J into the iirst notch in the bar K, counting from the right hand of Fig. The unit-columnis then added by depressing the keys S S2, dac., one after the other in the same numerical order as the figures in the column of units to be added, and at every depression of a key theunit-register wheel 7s is caused to make one, two, o r more tenths of a revolution-that is to say, as many as the number indicated on the key depressed-and everytime the revolution of the unit-registering wheel is completed and the O is brought opposite the opening in the plate H the tooth In of the wheel o that is attached to its secondary driving-wheel gives one-tenth of a revolution to the tens-registering wheel 7a2; and, if the sum of the column of units be sufficient to complete a revolution of the tenswheel, the secondary driving-wheel, gearing' with the wheel n that is attached to the tenswheel receiving motion from the said wheel n, will bring the tooth fr of the seccnd wheel o into operation on the hundreds-wheel 7e3. `When the units-column has been added in the above manner, the crank J is raised out of the notch in the bar K of the register, and the register thus thrown out of gear with the driving-heel D, and,without disturbing the register-wheels, the whole of the registerframe is moved farenough to allow the crank J to enter the second notch of the bar K, counting from the right hand of Fig. 3,which brings that secondary driving-wheel m which gears with the tens-registering wheel 7c,2 opposite the driving-wheel D, and on the crank J being thrown forward into the notch that secondary drivin g-wheel is brought into gear with D. The addition of a column of tens can then be proceeded with in the same manner as the column of units already supposed to have been added, and the numbers are then registered by 7.;2 in the same manner as they formerly were by 7e, which is now inoperative and remains for any length of time in the same condition in which it was left at the termination of the addition of the column of units. The complete revolutions of the wheel 7a2 are registered by tenth revolutions of 7a3, and the complete revolutions of the latter by tenth revolutions of 75, in the manner before described, by the agency of the secondary driving-wheels m m and single-toothed wheels o o. Then the tens column has been added, the register may be again shifted to bring the next notch t' in the bar K-viz., the third from the right of-Fig. 2opposite the crank J, andthe third secondary driving-wheel brought into gear, and the addition of a hundreds column of figures proceeded with, the numbers being registered by the wheel 7e3, while kgand 7e both remain undisturbed, and the revolutions of 7e3 produce tenth revolutions of 7114, and the revolutions of 7t1produce tenth revolutions of L5. Then thehundredscolumnhas been added, the register-frame may be further shifted to bring the crank Jin the next or fourth notch fu, and bring the secondary driving-wheel w1, which gears with the register-wheel 7e", into gear with D, and thus by means of the movements of D are registered by 7.1* 7:5, ttc., 7e3 752 7e remaining' undisturbed as they have been left by the addition of the hundreds, tens, and units columns. In the same Way a fifth and sixth column of figures or more, if the number of register-Wheels, &o., be increased, may be added up, if as soon as one column has been added the register-frame is shifted to bring another wheel m into gear with D. The fitting of the teeth 0* of the Wheels o, in the manner described, to swing, is of considerable importance to the proper operation of the machine, for the reason that if at the termination of the addition of any column a tooth r is left between two of the teeth of one of the wheels n n, the said wheel n when moved in the addition ot' the next column, when the said Wheel 0 shall have become inoperative, Will lift the tooth r and let it drop again Without disturbing the wheel an d thereby altering' the registration of the wheels of smaller denomination which have become inoperative.

Y is a box or case inclosing the machine, having suitable doors or lids to open to operate or examine the machine.

Vhat I claim as my invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

1. The combination of the repeater X, the

stationary repeater-stop 17, the sliding stopbars T T2, dac., and the stationary stop-pin w, with the driving-WheelD,orits equivalent, provided with a series of holes e e, the Whole operating, substantially as described, to control the motion ofthe register.

2. Combining the shaft of the driving-Wheel D or its equivalent with the keys S S2, &c., by means of a stronger spring y and a weaker spring R, and a lever 13, deriving,` motion from the keys, the Whole operating' subst-antially as herein described,for the purpose set forth.

Combining the keys with the sliding` stop-bars T T2, the., by means of the Wedges S 8, attached to the keys, the arms U U, sliding on guide-bars V, and the collars 6 6 and springs 7 7 applied to the guide-bars, substantially as and for the purpose specified.

4. The loose teeth o, applied to the wheels 0 o, and operating,` substantially as herein described, for the purpose specied.

O. L. ASTLE. Witnesses:

R. S. NASH,

WM. F. BALLARD. 

